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Up Close with the Father of
Spiral CT |
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By Dr
Evelyn Ho |
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Not many are privileged to meet the inventor of life changing radiological
imaging tools, but Radiology Malaysia has managed to bring this exclusive
interview with Prof Dr Willi Kalender to you. These are imaging equipment which have had and continues to
be a basis for further development. The Computed Tomography (CT) scanner was
rated as the top medical innovation in 2001, together with the Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI), by American physicians. The perceived value of the
CT and MRI innovation ranked above that of drugs such as ACE inhibitors and
cholesterol lowering drugs - the statins.
The CT scan was invented by the late Godfrey Hounsfield. In the 1980s,
volumetric (spiral) CT scan was developed by Willi A. Kalender. Since then,
volumetric CT scanning has rapidly developed further with the advent of
multislice scanners. The first prototype 16 multislice scanner was
introduced in 2001 and in 2004, 64 multislice scanners are now on the
market. At such subsecond speed of scanning, the CT scanner can obtain
images of the heart and its blood vessels (coronary vessels) – as if it was
frozen in time.
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In 1996, Spiral
CT arrives in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These are images
from the spiral CT scan 3D reconstructions of a vertebral
(spine) fracture and an abdominal aortic aneurysm; and a coronal
reconstruction of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (abnormal
dilatation of the large arterial trunk in the abdomen). |
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Brief Biodata |
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Born in 1949, Willi stepped into the world
of diagnostic imaging after obtaining his Masters Degree in Medical Physics
in 1976 from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. In 1979,
he obtained his doctorate in Medical Physics from the same University. In
1988, he completed the post doctoral lecturing qualifications (Habilitation)
for Medical Physics at the University of Tübingen. The latter is a
requirement before full professorship can be awarded in Germany.
Kalender’s main interest is in diagnostic imaging, focused on volumetric CT
although the other areas of research include radiation protection and
development of quantitative diagnostic procedures for eg the diagnosis of
osteoporosis, lung and cardiac diseases.
In November 2002, he was voted by
Diagnostic
Imaging as one of the 20 most influential people in Radiology! He is
currently Professor and Director of the Institute of Medical Physics at the
Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen – Nürnberg, Germany. The Institute’s
research projects include multi-row detectors for faster volume scanning,
image reconstruction algorithms, procedures for dose reduction by tube
current modulation, an automatic exposure control (AEC) for CT, and new
clinical applications. Cardiac CT and PET/CT fusion imaging of the thorax
are priority areas in research to date (2004).
Willi is also Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Stanford University,
Department of Radiology and Visiting Professor at the University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Medical Physics. He is a member of the
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement (ICRU).
Willi Kalender shared with us, on the morning of 27 September 2004, on the
day of the inaugural SEACOMP John Cameron lecture at the 3rd
South East Asian Congress of Medical Physics (SEACOMP) and 4th
Asia-Oceania Congress of Medical Physics (AOCMP) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Up close with
Prof Dr Willi A. Kalender |
As a child, Willi first wanted to be a
farmer and then, a building construction engineer. Other than his parents,
Professor John Cameron
as well as Charles A. Mistretta (inventor of
3D digital subtraction magnetic resonance angiography) were his role
models and had played an influential role in his life and development. Willi
describes both John and Charles as relaxed and very friendly. No wonder,
Willi Kalender is also very approachable and down to earth!
He first got interested in medical physics when he was a physics exchange
student in the USA in 1973. He now has about 20 patents to his name. Willi
describes his greatest strengths as being energetic and goal oriented. He
believes in the practical implementation of solutions to medical problems.
Willi gains professional satisfaction from seeing his ideas evolve into
clinical applications. His top 3 achievements includes Spiral CT, Cardiac CT
and a happy family with 3 children! He is now “father” of spiral
(volumetric) CT and would list cardiac CT as his “baby” as well.
His primary place of practice is in Germany and his appointments as visiting
professor to Stanford University and University of Wisconsin are more for
exchange of ideas and discussions. He spends about 95% of his time in
Germany.
In Germany, although medical physicists are viewed very favourably, they are
often not in important positions – yet are important in their service
functions. In other words, they are not in “big boss” positions. Willi
considers himself one of the exceptions as he is Professor and also Director
in the Institute of Medical Physics!
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Still too
young to think of retiring! |
Does Kalender ever see himself tiring? No, he has
not even considered or thought about retiring at the moment. When asked if
he had any pearls of wisdom to pass to the whole world (to date), he felt he
was still “too young” to pass any words of wisdom. Later he agreed he shared
John Cameron’s comments- that one needed luck and a lot of hard work!
He would like to see medical physics be given greater prominence and play a
more important role but medical physicists must be ready to assume such
roles and accept the challenge(s).
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Friday, 06 May 2005 |
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